Question

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 1.

• A. exercise
• B. undertake
• C. empower
• D. perform
• E. assume
• A. affect
• B. succeed
• C. compete
• D. profess
• J. dominate
• A. traditional
• B. charismatic
• C. masculine
• D. benevolent
• O. authoritarian
• A. outlive
• B. outcast
• C. outwork
• D. outstand
• T. outdo
• A. employees
• B. subordinates
• C. managers
• D. counterparts
• Y. superiors
• A. minimal
• B. distinct
• C. unique
• D. similar
• ^. constant
• A. employment
• B. culture
• C. gender
• D. class
• c. category
• A. variations
• B. discriminations
• C. resemblances
• D. distortions
• h. central
• A. needy
• B. desperate
• C. preliminary
• D. trivial
• m. central
• A. contradictory
• B. corresponding
• C. discrimination
• D. analogical
• r. identical

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

To determine the most appropriate word to fill in blank no. 1 of the passage, let's analyze the context and the meaning of the given sentence: "Do women ...(1)... leadership differently than men do?"

1. The sentence is comparing how women handle leadership compared to men. The focus is on the approach or style of leadership.
2. Let's evaluate each option to see which best fits the blank:
   • Exercise: This option suggests the implementation or demonstration of leadership skills. "Exercise leadership" implies acting upon leadership characteristics and is a common phrase used to describe how someone leads.
   • Undertake: This option refers to taking on a task or responsibility, but in this context, it doesn't specifically relate to the style or manner of leadership.
   • Empower: While empowerment is a component of leadership, it more specifically refers to enabling or providing power to others, rather than the method of leadership itself.
   • Perform: This word implies execution but is less commonly used to describe the manner or style of leadership compared to "exercise."
   • Assume: This refers to taking on a role or responsibility but doesn't directly imply a specific way of handling that role as "exercise" does.
3. Given the context of leadership style in the passage, the phrase "exercise leadership" is more appropriate as it implies the way leadership is demonstrated or practiced.
4. Therefore, the correct option to fill in blank no. 1 is "exercise." This aligns with the intended meaning, suggesting how women demonstrate or practice leadership differently than men.

Thus, the completed sentence reads: "Do women exercise leadership differently than men do?"

Answer 2

1. Understanding the Context: The passage discusses leadership styles and poses a question about the effectiveness of feminine leadership compared to traditional, possibly male-dominated, leadership styles. The sentence containing blank no. 2 asks whether "feminine leadership will [blank] where [other] leadership does not."
2. Analyzing the Options: Here are the options for blank no. 2:
   • affect: This verb means to have an effect on something, which doesn’t logically complete the sentence about leadership comparison.
   • succeed: This means to achieve a desired aim or result, making it a logical choice for the context of leadership effectiveness.
   • compete: This means to strive against another or others to win a contest, highlighting competition rather than result, which isn’t contextually appropriate in this sentence.
   • profess: To profess usually means to declare something, often what one does as a part of their profession, which doesn't fit the context.
   • dominate: To dominate means to control or have a commanding influence over, which could fit but is less about achieving success than about control.
3. Choosing the Correct Option:
   • The word "succeed" is the most appropriate choice, as it pertains directly to the achievement of leadership and addresses the question of whether feminine leadership can achieve success where "other" forms of leadership fail.
4. Explanation for Correct Choice:
   • The sentence asks whether feminine leadership can achieve success "where [other] leadership does not." The term "succeed" fits contextually, suggesting effectiveness and achievement in environments where other styles may not work.
5. Eliminating Incorrect Options:
   • Affect: The word 'affect' does not suitably fit in the context of succeeding in leadership.
   • Compete: Competing implies rivalry, not necessarily success or surpassing another form of leadership.
   • Profess: It's unrelated to the concept of achieving better outcomes in leadership.
   • Dominate: While it suggests control, it doesn’t convey the idea of achieving success in the domain of leadership.
6. Conclusion: Given the contextual requirement of a word that represents effectiveness in leadership, "succeed" is the most suitable choice.

Answer 3

To solve the question of determining the most appropriate word to fill in blank no. 3, we need to closely examine the context provided in the passage. Let's break down each part:

1. Understand the context: The passage discusses different leadership styles, contrasting 'feminine leadership' with another type of leadership that might not be as effective. Therefore, the word filling blank no. 3 should provide a contrasting leadership style to 'feminine' that is inherently different.
2. Analyze the options:
   • Traditional: This describes something long-established or customary, but does not necessarily contrast directly with 'feminine leadership'.
   • Charismatic: This describes a leadership style where leaders are charming and inspire devotion. It is not in direct contrast with 'feminine leadership'.
   • Masculine: This directly contrasts 'feminine leadership' as it denotes something typically associated with characteristics of men.
   • Benevolent: This refers to kindness and well-meaning, which doesn't provide a contrast to the idea of 'feminine leadership'.
   • Authoritarian: This pertains to strict obedience and control, which contrasts with 'feminine leadership', but not in the same nuanced way as masculine does.
3. Choose the correct option: Given the contrast needed with 'feminine leadership', the term 'masculine leadership' is the most logical contrast, as it directly highlights the difference in leadership traits typically associated with men versus women. Therefore, the word for blank no. 3 is "masculine".

Thus, the correct answer is masculine.

Answer 4

To determine the correct option to fill in blank no. 4, let's examine the provided context and options:

The passage discusses the differences in leadership styles between men and women. It suggests a study indicating that female managers perform differently than male managers, even when their personal characteristics are similar.

Let's analyze each option:

1. outlive: Means to live longer than someone else. This doesn't fit the context of leadership comparison.
2. outcast: Refers to someone who has been rejected by society. This is not relevant to the comparison of leadership styles.
3. outwork: Relates to working harder or longer than someone else. While possible, this doesn't directly relate to the leadership effectiveness discussed.
4. outstand: Not a standard English word in this context. It doesn't match any typical usage related to leadership features or performance.
5. outdo: Means to perform better than someone else. This fits well with the context, suggesting that female managers perform better than their male counterparts.

Conclusion: The correct word to fill blank no. 4 is "outdo" because it appropriately fits the context of comparing performance levels within the study mentioned.

Answer 5

To determine the most appropriate word to fill blank no. 5 in the passage, we need to understand the context in which this blank appears. Here's the segment of the passage leading to the blank for reference:

A recent study suggests somewhat paradoxically that female managers ...(4)... their male ...(5)... even when the personal characteristics of both are very ...(6)...

Let's analyze the options given:

1. employees: This word refers to individuals who work under someone else. It is unlikely to fit because the context is about comparing people in similar managerial positions, not a hierarchical relationship.
2. subordinates: This option refers to people who are ranked lower in an organizational structure. The context of comparing 'female managers' implies that we are looking for a word that denotes a role similar to 'managers', making this option unsuitable.
3. managers: This word could fit contextually in comparisons but would create a redundancy since 'managers' is already used before in 'female managers'.
4. counterparts: This word means others who hold the same position or role, which is suitable for drawing a direct comparison between people of the same standing, as the phrase suggests comparing female managers with their male equivalents.
5. superiors: This word refers to those who have higher authority, which does not align with the context of comparing peers in equivalent positions.

After careful consideration of the options, 'counterparts' is the most appropriate choice to fill in blank no. 5. It correctly conveys the idea that female managers are being compared with their male equivalents or peers, emphasizing parity in their positions.

Hence, the correct answer is counterparts.

Answer 6

1. Understand the Context: The blank no. 6 appears in a segment comparing female managers with their male counterparts in terms of leadership styles and personal characteristics.
2. Identify the Placement: The sentence is, "A recent study suggests somewhat paradoxically that female managers ...(4)... their male ...(5)... even when the personal characteristics of both are very ...(6)...."
3. Analyze the Options: We need a word that describes similarities in personal characteristics between female and male managers. The options are:
   • minimal
   • distinct
   • unique
   • similar
   • constant
4. Evaluate Each Option:
   • Minimal: Suggests a small amount but doesn’t fit because we're discussing comparisons.
   • Distinct: Implies clear differences, which contradicts the idea of similarity.
   • Unique: Suggests being one of a kind, and not fitting in with a comparison of similarities.
   • Similar: Means having resemblance or characteristics in common, which logically fits the context of comparing personal characteristics.
   • Constant: Refers to something that does not change, which doesn't directly speak to the comparison being made.
5. Conclusion: "Similar" best completes the sentence by addressing the comparison of characteristics between female and male managers. The correct sentence reads, "A recent study suggests somewhat paradoxically that female managers outperform their male counterparts even when the personal characteristics of both are very similar."

Answer 7

To solve the given blank in the passage, it is important to understand the context around it. The passage discusses the differences in how men and women approach leadership roles and the treatment they receive in the workplace.

Let's examine the relevant segment of the passage:

...stamping out (7) bias would stamp out the observed...

The sentence suggests that eliminating a specific kind of bias would solve the issues mentioned earlier in the passage.

To decide which option best fits blank no. 7, consider the context:

1. employment: This option does not fit well because the discussion is about the inequalities and biases related to treatment in leadership rather than employment status.
2. culture: This word is too broad and does not directly address the specific type of bias being discussed in the context of gender discrimination in the workplace.
3. gender: This word fits perfectly as the passage discusses the differences and biases against women versus men in leadership roles, which is commonly referred to as "gender bias."
4. class: Similar to "culture," this term does not specifically address the differences highlighted in the passage.
5. category: This option is too vague and doesn't pinpoint the specific issue of bias discussed.

After evaluating each option, it is clear that "gender" is the correct fit for blank no. 7, as it directly corresponds to the type of bias discussed in the passage about women in leadership.

Answer 8

To identify the correct word to fill in the blank marked as number 8 in the given comprehension passage, let's analyze both the context and the meaning conveyed by the sentence:

The part of the passage in question is:

"...that stamping out (7)... bias would stamp out the observed (8)... "

In this context, we need to select a word for blank 8 that aligns with the idea of eliminating bias leading to the elimination of other negative factors in the workplace. The options provided are:

1. variations
2. discriminations
3. resemblances
4. distortions
5. central

Let's analyze each option:

• Variations: This implies differences or changes, which do not explicitly relate to the negative effects discussed in the context of bias.
• Discriminations: This refers to unjust or prejudicial treatment, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex, which fits well as a negative effect of bias in the workplace.
• Resemblances: This means similarities, which do not align with the notion of bias-related issues.
• Distortions: This refers to altered perceptions or misrepresentations, but it does not match the specific negative aspect discussed in terms of bias.
• Central: This is an adjective typically used to denote importance or location but lacks relevance to bias-related consequences.

The correct word for blank 8, aligning with the narrative of workplace bias and its negative repercussions, is “discriminations”. This aligns perfectly with the structuralist theory's argument about gender bias and its associated discriminatory practices in workplaces.

Conclusion: The most appropriate word to fill blank 8 is “discriminations,” as it accurately reflects the outcome or effect of bias that the sentence seeks to convey.

Answer 9

This question is about selecting the most appropriate word to fill the blank number 9 in the given passage. The options are: "needy", "desperate", "preliminary", "trivial", and "central".

Let's analyze the context of the paragraph:

The passage discusses different theories of workplace dynamics regarding the difference in treatment and perception between male and female leaders. It specifically mentions that men and women experience work differently, with men viewing work as more important to their lives.

Based on this context, option "central" is the most fitting choice to fill the blank. Here's why:

1. Contextual Analysis: The sentence suggests that men see work as more integral or important to their lives. The word "central" aligns with this meaning, making it the correct choice.
2. Definitions:
   • "Needy" refers to requiring attention or support, which does not fit the context.
   • "Desperate" means in urgent need or desire, which is too strong for the context.
   • "Preliminary" means preceding or in preparation, which doesn't match the intended meaning.
   • "Trivial" implies being of little importance, which contradicts the idea of something being important to their lives.
   • "Central" means being of primary or major importance, fitting the context perfectly.

Conclusion: Therefore, the correct answer is "central", as it correctly conveys the idea that work is a key element or main focus in the lives of men, according to the passage's discussion.

Answer 10

To solve the question of selecting the most appropriate word to fill in blank no. 10, we need to understand the context of the passage. The passage discusses differences in leadership styles between men and women and presents two theories explaining these differences: the structuralist theory and the socialization theory.

The sentence needing completion is: "These ...(10)... explanations apart, today, business appears to be undergoing feminization of leadership."

Let's examine the options:

1. Contradictory: This word means mutually opposed or inconsistent. It fits well into the context as it highlights the differences between the structuralist and socialization theories, suggesting that these explanations are opposing perspectives.
2. Corresponding: This word indicates similarity or analogy, which doesn't fit well since the passage is presenting contrasting views.
3. Discrimination: This refers to unjust prejudicial treatment. Although mentioned earlier in a different context, it does not appropriately fit in this specific blank.
4. Analogical: This implies similarity in certain respects between things that are otherwise different. It does not capture the contrast described in the passage.
5. Identical: This means exactly the same, which again does not fit because the passage is focused on contrasting theories.

The correct choice is contradictory, as it accurately describes the contrasting nature of the explanations provided by the two theories.

Thus, the sentence would read: "These contradictory explanations apart, today, business appears to be undergoing feminization of leadership."