Understanding the Question: Śabda-śakti refers to the "power of words." The question asks to differentiate between two of the primary powers: Abhidhā and Lakṣaṇā.
Key Concepts and Approach: In Indian poetics and linguistics, a word can communicate meaning at different levels. The first level is the dictionary meaning, and the subsequent levels involve contextual or metaphorical interpretation.
Detailed Solution:
Step 1: Defining Abhidhā. Abhidhā is the primary or "literal" power of a word. When you say "apple," the fruit itself is the Vācyārtha (expressed meaning) conveyed by Abhidhā.
Step 2: Defining Lakṣaṇā. Lakṣaṇā is the "indicative" or "implied" power. It is used when the literal meaning makes no sense in context. For example, "He is a lion" literally means a human is a four-legged animal, which is false. Thus, Lakṣaṇā takes over to provide the secondary meaning: "He is brave."
Step 3: Contrast. Abhidhā is direct; Lakṣaṇā is indirect and dependent on the failure of the literal meaning.
Conclusion: Abhidhā is literal; Lakṣaṇā is secondary/implied.