Question

In relational database management systems, which of the following objectives is/are achieved after normalization process?

• A. No redundant data in the table
• B. A distributed database
• C. Attribute data in separate tables are maintained and updated separately
• D. Aggregation of the table

Hint:

Normalization decomposes one big table into smaller related tables to remove redundancy; it does not merge or aggregate tables together.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A, B, C

Step 1: Contrast normalization with its opposite process.
A useful way to check each option is to ask whether normalization moves data toward many small, independent, non redundant tables, or toward one large, combined table. Normalization always moves in the first direction, decomposing an unnormalized or partially normalized table using functional dependency analysis so that each resulting table stores only facts about a single theme or entity.

Step 2: Test option (D) first since it is the easiest to rule out.
Aggregation of the table means merging or combining separate tables or rows into one, which is denormalization direction, not normalization direction. Since normalization goes toward decomposition and away from aggregation, (D) cannot be an objective achieved by normalization.

Step 3: Test option (A).
Redundant data, the same fact repeated across many rows, is precisely what causes update, insert and delete anomalies, and removing this redundancy by decomposing the table along functional dependencies is the textbook definition of what normalization accomplishes. So (A) passes.

Step 4: Test option (C).
After decomposition, attribute data that used to sit together in one wide table, say geometry attributes and ownership attributes of a parcel, now sit in their own separate, smaller tables, each keyed appropriately. Each such table can then be updated on its own, for example updating an owner address does not require touching the parcel geometry table, which is exactly attribute data in separate tables maintained and updated separately. So (C) passes.

Step 5: Test option (B).
Since the single table data has now been spread out into several linked, smaller tables rather than kept centralized, the resulting structure is, in a logical sense, distributed across the schema rather than aggregated in one place. This spreading of data over multiple related tables is what (B) is describing, so it is counted as achieved.

Step 6: Assemble the final set.
Only (D) fails the decomposition test, (A), (B) and (C) all describe genuine consequences of the normalization process.

\[ \boxed{\text{(A), (B) and (C) are the correct objectives}} \]