Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Extraction is the process of separating medicinally active portions of plant or animal tissues using selective solvents. Specific terms are used in these pharmacognostic processes.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
1. Menstruum: This is the liquid (solvent) chosen to dissolve the active constituents. Common menstrua include water, alcohol, or ether.
2. Marc: This is the residual solid plant material left behind after the active principles have been extracted.
3. Percolate: This is the final liquid extract collected at the bottom of the percolator.
Step 3: Final Answer:
In the context of extraction terminology, "menstruum" is the official term for the solvent.