Step 1: After epicotyl grafting, the joint first forms a callus bridge, then develops vascular connections between scion and rootstock.
Step 2: A partial union within 60-120 days is still fragile and not fully field-ready.
Step 3: Nursery practice shows the union becomes strong and well-established within about 120-180 days, after which the graft is considered healed.
Step 4: The correct answer is 120-180 days.