Environmental alterations occurred in England due to industrialization: \begin{itemize} \item Before industrialization: Light-colored tree barks provided camouflage for white-winged moths against predators. \item After industrialization: Soot from pollution darkened tree barks, increasing the visibility and predation risk for white-winged moths. \item Advantage for Dark-Winged Moths: Dark-winged moths gained superior camouflage, resulting in increased survival and reproduction.\end{itemize}This process, known as Industrial Melanism, exemplifies directional selection, where environmental shifts alter population characteristics.% Quick tip