Question:medium

If the number of chromosomes in the cells of the calyx is 16, how many chromosomes will be formed in the endosperm after double fertilisation?

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Endosperm is $3n$ in Angiosperms but $n$ (haploid) in Gymnosperms. Always check the plant group!
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Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Identify the type of cells mentioned.
The calyx is a part of the flower and its cells are somatic (diploid) cells. If the number of chromosomes in these cells is 16, then the diploid number is 2n = 16.

Step 2: Determine the haploid number.
In flowering plants, gametes (male and female) are haploid. The haploid number is half of the diploid number.
\[ n = \frac{16}{2} = 8 \]
So, each gamete contains 8 chromosomes.

Step 3: Understand double fertilisation.
In double fertilisation, two male gametes participate in fertilisation:
• One male gamete fuses with the egg cell to form the zygote (2n).
• The other male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the endosperm.

Step 4: Calculate chromosomes in the endosperm.
Each polar nucleus has n = 8 chromosomes.
Two polar nuclei together:
\[ 8 + 8 = 16 \] When the second male gamete (8 chromosomes) fuses with them:
\[ 16 + 8 = 24 \]
Step 5: Determine the ploidy of the endosperm.
Thus, the endosperm becomes triploid (3n) and contains 24 chromosomes.

Final Answer:
The endosperm formed after double fertilisation will contain 24 chromosomes.
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