Soil plasticity is categorized by its plasticity index ($PI$) according to these ranges:
Non-plastic or very low: $PI < 7\%$.
Medium: $7\% \leq PI \leq 15\%$.
High: $15\% < PI \leq 30\%$.
Very high: $PI > 30\%$.
Given a plasticity index of $10\%$, the soil is classified as medium plastic, falling within the $7\% \leq PI \leq 15\%$ range.