Question:medium

If a line makes angles $45^\circ$ and $60^\circ$ with the positive $x$ and $y$ axes respectively, then the acute angle it makes with the $z$-axis is:

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Remember that the sum of squares of direction cosines is always 1. This is one of the most fundamental relations in 3D geometry!
Updated On: Jun 3, 2026
  • $60^\circ$
  • $30^\circ$
  • $45^\circ$
  • $90^\circ$
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Recall the direction cosine rule.
If a line makes angles with the x, y and z axes, the cosines of those three angles are called direction cosines. A basic fact is that the sum of their squares is always one.
\[ \cos^2\alpha + \cos^2\beta + \cos^2\gamma = 1 \]

Step 2: Write what we know.
The line makes $45^\circ$ with the x-axis and $60^\circ$ with the y-axis. So $\alpha = 45^\circ$ and $\beta = 60^\circ$. We want $\gamma$, the angle with the z-axis.

Step 3: Find the two known cosines.
We know $\cos 45^\circ = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ and $\cos 60^\circ = \frac{1}{2}$. Squaring them gives $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{1}{4}$.

Step 4: Put these into the rule.
Substitute into the sum-of-squares rule.
\[ \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + \cos^2\gamma = 1 \]

Step 5: Solve for $\cos^2\gamma$.
Add the two fractions to get $\frac{3}{4}$. Then subtract from one.
\[ \cos^2\gamma = 1 - \frac{3}{4} = \frac{1}{4} \]

Step 6: Take the root and pick the acute angle.
Take the square root: $\cos\gamma = \frac{1}{2}$ for the acute case. The angle whose cosine is $\frac{1}{2}$ is $60^\circ$.
\[ \gamma = 60^\circ \]
\[ \boxed{60^\circ} \]
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