Question:medium

If $ A $ is a square matrix such that $ \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = A $, then $ |A| $ is:

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When solving for the determinant of a matrix using the adjugate property, always remember that the adjugate of the adjugate of a matrix follows a specific relation to the original matrix's determinant.
Updated On: Apr 2, 2026
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

We are given \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = A \). Using the property \( \text{adj}(A) = |A|^{n-1} A^{-1} \) for a square matrix \( A \) of order \( n \), we have \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = |A|^{n-1} \text{adj}(A)^{-1} \). Substituting the property for \( \text{adj}(A) \), we get \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = |A|^{n-1} (|A|^{n-1} A^{-1})^{-1} = |A|^{n-1} |A|^{-(n-1)} A = |A|^{n-1 - (n-1)} A = A \). This derivation appears to have an error. Let's re-evaluate using the property \( \text{adj}(A) = |A|^{n-1} A^{-1} \). Applying this property to \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) \): \[ \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = |\text{adj}(A)|^{n-1} (\text{adj}(A))^{-1} \] We know that \( |\text{adj}(A)| = |A|^{n-1} \). Substituting this: \[ \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = (|A|^{n-1})^{n-1} (\text{adj}(A))^{-1} = |A|^{(n-1)^2} (\text{adj}(A))^{-1} \] Also, \( (\text{adj}(A))^{-1} = (|A|^{n-1} A^{-1})^{-1} = (|A|^{n-1})^{-1} (A^{-1})^{-1} = |A|^{-(n-1)} A \). Substituting this back: \[ \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = |A|^{(n-1)^2} |A|^{-(n-1)} A = |A|^{(n-1)^2 - (n-1)} A = |A|^{(n-1)(n-1-1)} A = |A|^{(n-1)(n-2)} A \] Given \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = A \): \[ |A|^{(n-1)(n-2)} A = A \] This implies \( |A|^{(n-1)(n-2)} = 1 \). Consider the case where \( n=2 \). Then \( (n-1)(n-2) = 1 \cdot 0 = 0 \). So \( |A|^0 = 1 \), which is always true. Consider the case where \( n eq 2 \). For \( |A|^{(n-1)(n-2)} = 1 \), we must have \( |A| = 1 \) or \( |A| = -1 \) if \( (n-1)(n-2) \) is even, or \( |A|=1 \) if \( (n-1)(n-2) \) is odd. Let's use a more direct property: \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = |A|^{n-2} A \). Given \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = A \), we have: \[ |A|^{n-2} A = A \] If \( A \) is invertible, we can multiply by \( A^{-1} \): \[ |A|^{n-2} = 1 \] For this equation to hold true for any invertible matrix \( A \), we must have \( n-2 = 0 \), which means \( n=2 \). If \( n=2 \), then \( |A|^0 = 1 \), which is true for any invertible matrix. If \( A \) is not invertible, then \( |A| = 0 \). In this case, \( \text{adj}(A) \) is singular, and \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) \) requires careful consideration. If \( |A|=0 \) and \( n>2 \), then \( \text{adj}(A) \) is the zero matrix, and \( \text{adj}(0) = 0 \). So \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = 0 \). If \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = A \), then \( A \) must be the zero matrix, and \( |A|=0 \). If \( |A|=0 \) and \( n=2 \), then \( \text{adj}(A) \) is a scalar multiple of \( A^T \). If \( A \) is not the zero matrix, \( \text{adj}(A) \) is not the zero matrix, but \( |\text{adj}(A)| = 0 \). In this scenario, \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = | \text{adj}(A) |^{2-2} \text{adj}(A) = 0 \cdot \text{adj}(A) = 0 \). So again \( A=0 \). The property \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = |A|^{n-2} A \) implies that if \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = A \), then \( |A|^{n-2} = 1 \). This condition is satisfied if \( n=2 \) or \( |A|=1 \). The initial derivation which led to \( |A|=1 \) had an error in the manipulation of the inverse of the adjugate. Using \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = |A|^{n-2} A \), and given \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = A \), we get \( |A|^{n-2} A = A \). This implies \( |A|^{n-2} = 1 \). Therefore, either \( n=2 \) or \( |A|=1 \). The problem statement does not specify the order of the matrix \( n \). If \( n=2 \), then the determinant can be any value. If \( n eq 2 \), then the determinant must be 1. Let's re-examine the initial steps: We are given that \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = A \). Using the property \( \text{adj}(A) = |A|^{n-1} A^{-1} \). Applying this property for the adjugate of the adjugate: \[ \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = |\text{adj}(A)|^{n-1} (\text{adj}(A))^{-1} \] We know \( |\text{adj}(A)| = |A|^{n-1} \). \[ \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = (|A|^{n-1})^{n-1} (\text{adj}(A))^{-1} = |A|^{(n-1)^2} (\text{adj}(A))^{-1} \] And \( (\text{adj}(A))^{-1} = (|A|^{n-1} A^{-1})^{-1} = (|A|^{n-1})^{-1} (A^{-1})^{-1} = |A|^{-(n-1)} A \). Substituting this: \[ \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = |A|^{(n-1)^2} |A|^{-(n-1)} A = |A|^{(n-1)^2 - (n-1)} A = |A|^{(n-1)(n-2)} A \] Given \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = A \): \[ |A|^{(n-1)(n-2)} A = A \] For this to hold for a non-zero matrix \( A \), we must have \( |A|^{(n-1)(n-2)} = 1 \). This implies that either \( n=2 \) (in which case the exponent is 0, and \( |A|^0 = 1 \) is always true for invertible A) or \( |A|=1 \) (if \( (n-1)(n-2) eq 0 \)). Therefore, if \( n eq 2 \), then \( |A|=1 \). If \( n=2 \), the determinant can be any value. The original derivation that concluded \( |A|=1 \) without considering the order \( n \) is incomplete. The initial text attempts to use the property \( \text{adj}(A) = |A|^{n-1} A^{-1} \) in a way that incorrectly substitutes \( \text{adj}(A) \) for \( A \) within the formula for \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) \). The correct application of the property \( \text{adj}(X) = |X|^{n-1} X^{-1} \) for \( X = \text{adj}(A) \) leads to \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = |\text{adj}(A)|^{n-1} (\text{adj}(A))^{-1} \). Using \( |\text{adj}(A)| = |A|^{n-1} \) and \( (\text{adj}(A))^{-1} = |A|^{-(n-1)} A \), we derive \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = |A|^{(n-1)(n-2)} A \). Given \( \text{adj}(\text{adj}(A)) = A \), this implies \( |A|^{(n-1)(n-2)} = 1 \). Thus, if \( n eq 2 \), it must be that \( |A| = 1 \). If \( n = 2 \), this equation is always satisfied for any invertible matrix \( A \). The conclusion that \( |A|=1 \) is therefore only universally true when \( n eq 2 \).
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