Step 1: A unilateral crop of tense vesicles on an erythematous base, hugging one dermatome and stopping at the midline, is diagnostic of herpes zoster.
Step 2: The disorder is a reactivation of latent $varicella\ zoster\ virus$. The first encounter with this virus produced chickenpox, after which it lay quiet in dorsal root ganglia.
Step 3: Falling immunity, often with advancing age, lets the virus reawaken and migrate down the sensory nerve to erupt as the painful banded rash seen here.
Step 4: Chickenpox and smallpox scatter lesions over the whole body and atopic dermatitis is a chronic itchy eczema, so none match a single dermatomal vesicular band.
\[\boxed{\text{Herpes zoster}}\]