Solution: The erroneous sentence is: "He did not knew that the train had already left." The error resides in "not knew."
Explanation: English grammar dictates that when constructing past tense negative sentences utilizing the auxiliary verb "did," the principal verb must appear in its infinitive form. Consequently, "knew" must be substituted with "know," as "did" inherently denotes past tense. The accurate construction is "did not know."
Corrected Sentence: He did not know that the train had already left.