Question

Identify the different types of bonds present in quaternary ammonium salts.

• A. Covalent
• B. Ionic
• C. Covalent and co-ordinate
• D. covalent, co-ordinate and ionic

Hint:

In R4N+ X-, one N-R bond is formed from the lone pair (coordinate) and the ion pair is held by ionic bonding.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Draw the structure in mind:
Take $\text{(CH}_3)_4\text{N}^+\text{Cl}^-$. Nitrogen is bonded to four methyl groups and carries a positive charge.

Step 2: Count bond types:
C-H and C-N links are shared electron pairs, so they are covalent. One of the four N-C links uses a lone pair given only by nitrogen, so it is coordinate in nature. The charged ion pair $\text{N}^+$ and $\text{Cl}^-$ is held by electrostatic attraction, which is an ionic bond.

Step 3: Match the option:
All three, covalent, coordinate and ionic, are present, which is option D.

Final Answer:
All three bond types are present, so the answer is covalent, co-ordinate and ionic. \[ \boxed{\text{(D) }\text{covalent, co-ordinate and ionic}} \]