The reaction demonstrated is a Friedel-Crafts acylation. This process entails attaching an acyl group to an aromatic ring. It utilizes an acyl chloride and requires a Lewis acid catalyst, such as anhydrous AlCl3.
Specifically, benzene undergoes reaction with benzoyl chloride (C6H5COCl), catalyzed by AlCl3, to yield benzophenone as the primary product.
The catalyst, AlCl3, promotes the creation of an acylium ion (C6H5CO+) from benzoyl chloride through the formation of an ionic complex.
This acylium ion, acting as a potent electrophile, targets the electron-rich π system of the benzene ring.
A resonance-stabilized carbocation intermediate is generated as a result.
The benzene ring's aromaticity is re-established upon the elimination of a proton, culminating in the formation of benzophenone (C6H5COC6H5).
Consequently, benzophenone is identified as the major product, designated as P.
Therefore, the correct selection is: Option 4.
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