Question

From the elements of 3d series below, which element shows the maximum number of oxidation states?

• A. Scandium
• B. Manganese
• C. Chromium
• D. Titanium

Hint:

Manganese is the only element in the 3d series that can exhibit oxidation states from +2 to +7, making it the element with the maximum number of oxidation states in this series.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Transition metals' oxidation states depend on the electrons they can shed from their valence shell. The availability of d-electrons dictates the maximum oxidation state.

- Scandium (Sc) only shows a +3 oxidation state, as it has a single 4s electron that it readily loses.
- Titanium (Ti) can exist in +2, +3, and +4 oxidation states due to having more electrons available for bonding.
- Chromium (Cr) exhibits +2, +3, and +6 oxidation states, though not as many as manganese.
- Manganese (Mn) displays the widest range of oxidation states, from +2 to +7. This is attributed to its five 3d electrons, which are available for bonding and enable diverse oxidation states.

Manganese's electron configuration facilitates the formation of multiple oxidation states, making it unique in its ability to exhibit a broad spectrum of these states.

Step 1: Manganese possesses a substantial number of electrons within its 3d orbitals.

Step 2: Manganese's ability to form various compounds across its +2 to +7 oxidation states is a consequence of its multiple oxidation state potential.