Question

Examine the role of Gandhiji in the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Answer 1

The Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–1934) was a pivotal phase in India’s struggle for independence, led by Mahatma Gandhi. It marked a significant stage of mass participation and non-violent resistance against British colonial rule.

1. Commencement with the Salt March:
The Civil Disobedience Movement began in March 1930 with the famous Salt March (Dandi March). Gandhi undertook a 240-mile journey from Sabarmati Ashram to the coastal village of Dandi, where he broke the British salt law by making salt from seawater. This symbolic act directly challenged British authority.

2. Mass Engagement and Non-Violent Tactics:
Gandhi based the movement on the principle of non-violence (ahimsa). People were encouraged to boycott foreign goods, refuse to pay taxes, and participate in peaceful protests. Large-scale public participation strengthened the movement despite widespread arrests and hardships.

3. Role of the Congress and Gandhian Leadership:
The Indian National Congress fully supported the movement under Gandhi’s leadership. His call for civil disobedience united people across regions, classes, and communities, drawing international attention to India’s demand for independence.

4. British Repression:
The British government responded with harsh measures, arresting thousands of protesters, including Gandhi. Repressive actions and violence were used to suppress the movement, but these actions only intensified national and international support for India’s cause.

5. Impact and Enduring Significance:
Although independence was not achieved immediately, the movement proved the power of non-violent resistance. It strengthened the Indian National Congress and elevated the freedom struggle to global importance.

Conclusion:
Under Gandhiji’s leadership, the Civil Disobedience Movement mobilized millions of Indians against colonial rule. It became a landmark in India’s freedom struggle and laid the foundation for future movements that ultimately led to independence in 1947.