Question

Differentiate between homoleptic complex and heteroleptic complex.

Hint:

Remember: \[ \text{Homo} = \text{Same} \] \[ \text{Hetero} = \text{Different} \] Hence, Homoleptic \(\rightarrow\) Same ligand throughout Heteroleptic \(\rightarrow\) Different ligands present

Answer 1

Step 1: Define homoleptic complex.
A homoleptic complex contains only one type of ligand coordinated to the central metal ion. All attached ligands are identical. Example: $[Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+}$ (all $NH_3$) and $[Fe(CN)_6]^{4-}$ (all $CN^-$).
Step 2: Define heteroleptic complex.
A heteroleptic complex contains two or more different types of ligands attached to the central metal ion. Example: $[Pt(NH_3)_2Cl_2]$ (both $NH_3$ and $Cl^-$) and $[Co(NH_3)_4Cl_2]^+$.
Step 3: Key point of distinction.
The difference is ligand variety: homoleptic means all ligands are the same (homo = same), while heteroleptic means ligands are different (hetero = different). The classification refers to ligand type, not to ligand count.