Question

Differentiate between homoleptic complex and heteroleptic complex.

Hint:

Homo = Same ligand Hetero = Different ligands

Answer 1

Step 1: Definition of Homoleptic Complex.
A homoleptic complex is a coordination compound in which the central metal ion is bonded to only one type of ligand. All the ligands in the complex are identical, whether they are monodentate, bidentate, or polydentate.
Example: \( [Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+} \) where all six ligands are ammonia molecules.

Step 2: Definition of Heteroleptic Complex.
A heteroleptic complex is a coordination compound in which the central metal ion is bonded to more than one type of ligand. These ligands can be different in terms of their nature (monodentate, bidentate) or their chemical composition.
Example: \( [Co(NH_3)_4Cl_2]^+ \) where ammonia and chloride are different ligands.

Step 3: Key Differences.
1. Type of Ligands: In a homoleptic complex, all the ligands are the same, whereas in a heteroleptic complex, the ligands are different.
2. Example: Homoleptic example: \( [Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+} \). Heteroleptic example: \( [Co(NH_3)_4Cl_2]^+ \).
3. Variety of Ligands: Homoleptic complexes have uniformity in the type of ligands, while heteroleptic complexes exhibit variety in ligands.

Conclusion.
A homoleptic complex has only one type of ligand, while a heteroleptic complex contains multiple types of ligands coordinated to the central metal ion.