Describe the events taking place during interphase.
Solution and Explanation
Interphase:
Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell prepares itself for division. It is a period of intense metabolic activity, growth, and DNA replication.
Stages of interphase:
Interphase is divided into three successive stages:
1. G1 phase (First gap phase)
• The cell grows in size and volume.
• Synthesis of RNA, proteins, and enzymes required for cell functions occurs.
• Organelles such as mitochondria and ribosomes increase in number.
• The cell prepares for DNA replication.
2. S phase (Synthesis phase)
• Replication of DNA takes place.
• Each chromosome duplicates to form two identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere.
• Histone proteins are synthesized for packaging of newly formed DNA.
• The amount of DNA in the cell doubles, while the chromosome number remains the same.
3. G2 phase (Second gap phase)
• Further growth of the cell occurs.
• Synthesis of proteins and microtubules required for spindle formation takes place.
• The cell undergoes final preparations for mitosis.
• Energy reserves are built up for cell division.
Conclusion:
Thus, during interphase the cell grows, duplicates its genetic material, and prepares all necessary components for successful cell division.