Question

Define the term mineral fuels. Explain the disadvantage of mineral fuels with reference to India.

Hint:

Mineral fuels are energy resources from fossilized organic matter; their use causes pollution, health hazards, and resource depletion in India.

Answer 1

Mineral fuels, such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, and lignite, are earth-derived natural resources utilized for energy. They originate from ancient organic matter that has undergone millions of years of geological transformation. Disadvantages of Mineral Fuels in India:
Non-renewable Nature: Mineral fuels are finite and are being consumed at an unsustainable rate, creating energy security challenges for India.
Environmental Degradation: Combustion of mineral fuels releases pollutants like CO2, SO2, and NOx, contributing to air pollution and global warming.
Health Risks: Pollution stemming from mineral fuel consumption contributes to respiratory illnesses and other health issues, particularly in India's urban centers.
Reliance on Imports: India's substantial imports of petroleum and natural gas render it susceptible to global market volatility and price increases.
Extraction-Related Damage: The mining of coal and other mineral fuels results in land degradation, deforestation, and community displacement.