Question

Consider the following statements. Polycystic disease of the kidneys may present with:
1. Chronic renal failure.
2. Haematuria and renal colic.
3. Hypertension.
4. Accidentally on routine examination of the abdomen.
Which of these statements are correct?

• A. 1 and 3
• B. 2 and 4
• C. 1, 3 and 4
• D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Hint:

Cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease drives both hypertension and eventual chronic renal failure.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

This question asks which listed presentations of polycystic kidney disease this paper counts as correct.

1. 1 and 3: Chronic renal failure and hypertension are both well documented, common presentations as the cysts enlarge and damage kidney tissue and its blood flow control. This is the pair marked correct in the answer key.
2. 2 and 4: Haematuria with renal colic and an incidental abdominal finding are also presentations described for this disease, but this combination alone is not the one selected by the key.
3. 1, 3 and 4: Adds the incidental finding to the correct pair, but the key does not extend the answer to include this third statement.
4. 1, 2, 3 and 4: Includes every statement. Several textbooks do describe all four as recognized presentations of this disease, but this paper's key does not mark all four as the answer.

Based on the answer key for this question, the pair of chronic renal failure and hypertension, statements 1 and 3, is taken as correct, though readers should note that haematuria and incidental discovery are also genuine presentations described elsewhere.

Let's summarize:

• Polycystic kidney disease commonly causes both chronic renal failure and hypertension as the cysts grow.
• Haematuria, renal colic, and incidental discovery on imaging are also described presentations in the wider literature.

So per this paper's key, statements 1 and 3 are the ones marked correct.