Consider the following organic compounds:
\(\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{CHO}, \text{CH}_3\text{COOH}, \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}, \text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3\)
Give the chemical equation for the chemical reaction when \(\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}\) and \(\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}\) react in the presence of conc. \(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\).
\(\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{CHO}, \text{CH}_3\text{COOH}, \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}, \text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3\)
Give the chemical equation for the chemical reaction when \(\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}\) and \(\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}\) react in the presence of conc. \(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\).
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Reaction Identification
When acetic acid (\( \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} \)) reacts with ethanol (\( \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} \)) under concentrated sulfuric acid (\( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \)) catalysis, an esterification reaction occurs, yielding an ester and water.
Step 2: Chemical Equation Formulation
This condensation reaction between acetic acid and ethanol produces ethyl acetate (\( \text{CH}_3\text{COOCH}_2\text{C}_2\text{H}_5 \)) and water.
The corresponding chemical equation is:
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} + \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{conc.} \, \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4} \text{CH}_3\text{COOCH}_2\text{C}_2\text{H}_5 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
Step 3: Reaction Explanation
- The reaction involves an acid (acetic acid) and an alcohol (ethanol) to synthesize an ester (ethyl acetate) and water.
- Concentrated sulfuric acid serves as a catalyst, promoting water removal and driving the reaction to completion.
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