Question

Colonialism brought about significant changes in the institution of caste. Choose the correct statement related to this statement.

• A. The 1903 census was done under the direction of Herbert Risley.
• B. No information was collected on the social hierarchy of caste.
• C. The administration also took interest in the welfare of the downtrodden castes.
• D. The Government of India Act of 1950 was passed which gave legal recognition to the lists or schedules of castes and tribes marked out for special treatment by the state.

Hint:

Colonial censuses played a major role in solidifying caste identities and hierarchies. Remember Herbert Risley's role in the 1901 census and its lasting impact on caste in India.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

(A) Correct: The 1901 Census of India, led by Herbert Risley, significantly impacted the colonial categorization of caste. Risley's attempt to scientifically classify and rank castes through anthropometric measurements reinforced caste hierarchies and served colonial administrative objectives. Although the question incorrectly references a 1903 census, the focus is on Risley's pivotal role in the 1901 census. He also oversaw the 1911 census.
(B) Incorrect: Colonial censuses gathered substantial data on caste, including social hierarchies, to stratify and manage populations, distribute resources, and solidify existing power structures.
(C) Incorrect: Colonial policies that appeared to benefit lower castes were typically motivated by political strategies like "divide and rule," rather than a genuine commitment to their upliftment.
(D) Incorrect: The Government of India Act of 1935, not 1950, established separate electorates and reservations for specific castes and tribes. The Constitution of India, adopted in 1950, subsequently modified and continued these provisions, officially recognizing Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and implementing affirmative action measures.