Question

Chlorobenzene on heating with concentrated HNO\(_3\) in presence of concentrated H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) gives

• A.

  

• B.

  

• C.

  

• D.

  

Hint:

Halogens are deactivating but ortho/para directing. Para product is usually major due to steric reasons.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understand the question.
Chlorobenzene is heated with concentrated $HNO_3$ and concentrated $H_2SO_4$. We must find the main product.
Step 2: Spot the reaction type.
This acid mixture adds a nitro group ($NO_2$) onto the ring. This is nitration, a kind of electrophilic substitution.
Step 3: See where chlorine directs.
Chlorine has lone pairs that push electron density to the ortho and para spots. So the nitro group goes to those positions.
Step 4: Compare ortho and para.
The ortho spot sits right next to the chlorine, so it is crowded. The para spot is across the ring with little crowding.
Step 5: Pick the major product.
Because the para spot has less crowding, the para product (1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene) is the main one. This is shown in option 2.
Step 6: Choose the answer.
The major product is the para isomer, which is option 2. \[ \boxed{\text{para-nitrochlorobenzene}} \]