Verbal analogies test the exact type of relationship between the first pair of words, then ask you to find a second pair with the same relationship. Here, "Charity" (a noun naming a generous action) is linked to P (an adjective describing the person behind that action), and the same "action to personality trait" link must hold between "Retaliation" and Q.
- Parsimonious; Vengeful: "Parsimonious" means someone who hoards money and avoids spending, the exact opposite of a charitable person, so this pair breaks the relationship right at P.
- Altruistic; Amicable: "Altruistic" correctly names a charitable trait, but "Amicable" simply means friendly, a trait about getting along with people, not about seeking revenge. Q does not match "Retaliation" at all.
- Resentful; Spiteful: Both words carry a negative, bitter tone. "Resentful" is not a trait behind giving or charity, so P fails, even though "Spiteful" reasonably matches the tone of retaliation.
- Magnanimous; Vindictive: "Magnanimous" names the generous, forgiving character trait behind a charitable act, and "Vindictive" names the revenge-driven trait behind a retaliatory act. Both halves of the relationship line up correctly, keeping the same positive-personality-to-positive-action and negative-personality-to-negative-action pattern as the original pair.
Only the fourth pair keeps both halves of the analogy consistent: a charitable act comes from a magnanimous nature, and a retaliatory act comes from a vindictive nature.
Let's summarize:
- P must describe the generous personality trait behind "Charity".
- Q must describe the revenge-seeking personality trait behind "Retaliation".
- Only "Magnanimous; Vindictive" satisfies both conditions at once.
So the correct pair is P = Magnanimous, Q = Vindictive, option (D).