Question

Cardiac activities of the heart are regulated by: A. Nodal tissue
B. A special neural centre in the medulla oblongata
C. Adrenal medullary hormones
D. Adrenal cortical hormones
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A, B, C and D
• B. A, C and D Only
• C. A, B and D Only
• D. A, B and C Only

Hint:

The heart rate and cardiac output are primarily regulated by the autonomic nervous system and hormones, including both adrenal medullary and cortical hormones.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Cardiac activity regulation is multifaceted, involving:A. Nodal tissue: The Sinoatrial (SA) node and Atrioventricular (AV) node are crucial for generating and controlling the electrical impulses that dictate heart rhythm.B. Medulla Oblongata Neural Center: The cardiac control center within the medulla oblongata manages heart rate through autonomic nerves, adapting the heart's response to various stimuli.C. Adrenal Medullary Hormones: Hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla influence heart rate and contractility by activating the sympathetic nervous system.D. Adrenal Cortical Hormones: Corticosteroids from the adrenal cortex regulate blood pressure and fluid balance, indirectly impacting cardiac function without directly controlling heart rate.Therefore, the correct elements are A, C, and D.