Question

Calamine, malachite, magnetite, and cryolite, respectively, are:

• A. ZnCO$_3$, CuCO$_3$·Cu(OH)$_2$, Fe$_3$O$_4$, Na$_3$AlF$_6$
• B. ZnSO$_4$, Cu(OH)$_2$, Fe$_3$O$_4$, Na$_3$AlF$_6$
• C. ZnSO$_4$, CuCO$_3$, Fe$_2$O$_3$, AlF$_3$
• D. ZnCO$_3$, CuCO$_3$, Fe$_2$O$_3$, Na$_3$AlF$_6$

Hint:

Each mineral is associated with a particular metal extraction process in metallurgy.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Mineral Composition Analysis
Examine the characteristic chemical compositions of various ores and minerals:
1. Calamine (\( ZnCO_3 \)): 
- Primary zinc ore, composed of zinc carbonate. 
- Thermal decomposition yields zinc oxide: \[ ZnCO_3 \rightarrow ZnO + CO_2 \] 
2. Malachite (\( CuCO_3 \cdot Cu(OH)_2 \)): 
- Basic copper carbonate mineral, responsible for the green hue in copper-rich geological formations. 
3. Magnetite (\( Fe_3O_4 \)): - Abundant iron ore variant. 
- Features iron in mixed oxidation states. 
4. Cryolite (\( Na_3AlF_6 \)): - Fluoride mineral essential for aluminum extraction via the Hall-Héroult process. 
- Functions as a flux, reducing the melting point of alumina. 
Step 2: Correct Answer Identification 
- The accurate composition comprises ZnCO$_3$, CuCO$_3$·Cu(OH)$_2$, Fe$_3$O$_4$, and Na$_3$AlF$_6$. 
Final Answer: Option (A) is correct.