Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
BPaLM is a shortened all-oral regimen used for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and its name is an acronym built from its four component drugs.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Break the acronym down letter by letter and match each letter to the drug and its mechanism, then compare that list to each option.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
B stands for Bedaquiline, a diarylquinoline that blocks mycobacterial ATP synthase and starves the bacterium of energy.
Pa stands for Pretomanid, a nitroimidazole that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis in the bacterial cell wall.
L stands for Linezolid, an oxazolidinone that stops bacterial protein synthesis by binding the 50S ribosomal subunit.
M stands for Moxifloxacin, a fluoroquinolone that blocks DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV to stop bacterial DNA replication.
Together this gives Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, Linezolid, Moxifloxacin, which is the only option that names all four correctly.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The BPaLM regimen consists of Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, linezolid, and moxifloxacin.