Question

Bernier compared the Mughal Empire to the French monarchy, and particularly criticized the absence of private property rights in India. How does this comparison reflect Bernier’s own socio-political context?

• A. Advocacy for feudalism in Indian governance
• B. Support for absolutism and critiquing India
• C. Support of private property, leading to underestimating India
• D. Belief in the superiority of European legal structures

Hint:

Bernier’s critique is an example of how European scholars often misunderstood or underestimated non-European systems of governance, particularly when it came to property and legal frameworks.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Bernier's assessment is rooted in his socio-political background, specifically his European viewpoint on governance and property rights. He faulted the Mughal Empire for its absence of private property, which he deemed crucial for societal stability and advancement. His perspective was influenced by European concepts of property ownership and legal frameworks. By prioritizing private property, Bernier failed to fully grasp India's socio-political and economic systems, which were governed by distinct norms and values. Consequently, his comparison underscores his advocacy for private property as a vital element for societal progress.