Question

Match List I with List II :

List I                 List II
A. Cortisol            I. Stimulates the formation of alveoli in mammary glands
B. Aldosterone         II. Produces anti-inflammatory reactions
C. Cholecystokinin     III. Stimulates reabsorption of Na+ and water from renal tubule
D. Progesterone        IV. Stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile juice

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
• B. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
• C. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
• D. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

Hint:

Logic Tip: Use functional keywords: Cortisol = Stress/Anti-inflammatory; Aldosterone = Sodium/Salt; CCK = Digestion/Bile; Progesterone = Pregnancy/Mammary.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1 : Understanding the Question:
The question requires us to match various hormones listed in List I with their primary biological functions or target organ actions listed in List II. This involves knowledge of the endocrine system, including hormones from the adrenal cortex, the gastrointestinal tract, and the reproductive system.
Step 2 : Key Formulas and Approach:
The endocrine system operates through chemical messengers that travel via the bloodstream to specific target tissues. To solve this, we identify the origin and target of each hormone:
1. Glucocorticoids (like Cortisol) modulate metabolism and inflammation.
2. Mineralocorticoids (like Aldosterone) control electrolyte and water balance.
3. Gastrointestinal hormones (like CCK) coordinate digestive secretions.
4. Sex steroids (like Progesterone) regulate secondary sexual characteristics and pregnancy.
Step 3 : Detailed Explanation:

Cortisol (A): Secreted by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, cortisol is the primary glucocorticoid in humans. It plays a critical role in carbohydrate metabolism, increases blood glucose, and acts as a potent immunosuppressant. A major clinical significance of cortisol is that it produces anti-inflammatory reactions, making it vital in managing allergic and inflammatory conditions. Hence, A corresponds to II.

Aldosterone (B): Produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, it is the main mineralocorticoid. It primarily acts on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts of the kidney. It stimulates the reabsorption of $Na^+$ and water and the excretion of $K^+$ and phosphate ions, thereby regulating blood volume and osmotic pressure. Hence, B corresponds to III.

Cholecystokinin (C): This is a gastrointestinal hormone secreted by the duodenal mucosa. It travels to the pancreas and the gallbladder via the blood. Its primary role is to stimulate the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and cause the contraction of the gallbladder to release bile juice into the duodenum. Hence, C corresponds to IV.

Progesterone (D): This steroid hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum in the ovary and later by the placenta. It is essential for the maintenance of the endometrium. Furthermore, it acts on the mammary glands to stimulate the formation of alveoli (sac-like structures that store milk) and promotes milk secretion. Hence, D corresponds to I.

Step 4 : Final Answer:
By matching the hormones to their respective functions, we get the sequence A-II, B-III, C-IV, and D-I. This logic confirms that the correct combination is provided in the final choice.