Step 1: Understand what shrinkage does to the earthwork balance.
When soil is excavated from a cut area and placed in a fill area, it is initially loose and bulks up, but settling, compaction and consolidation over time reduce its volume compared to how it sat undisturbed in the cut. This loss of volume between the cut and the settled fill is called shrinkage.
Step 2: See what shrinkage forces you to do when planning the cut and fill volumes.
If you excavated exactly as much soil as the fill areas need at their final design volume, the fill would end up short after settling, leaving the field lower than intended in the fill zones. To compensate, the volume of soil actually excavated from the cut has to be made somewhat larger than the volume the fill is designed to end up at.
Step 3: Express this as a ratio and check it against the options.
Writing this as cut volume divided by fill volume, the ratio has to exceed one for the extra shrinkage allowance to be built in, since a ratio of exactly one would mean no shrinkage was assumed at all, which does not match how real soil behaves.
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