Question

(b) Explain the role of various archaeologists in the discovery of Harappa.

Hint:

The efforts of archaeologists like Marshall and Wheeler provided a detailed understanding of Harappan urban culture.

Answer 1

The excavation of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro significantly advanced the study of ancient Indian history. Key contributions include:
1. Alexander Cunningham: Identified Harappan seals in the 19th century, linking them to an ancient civilization.
2. Daya Ram Sahni: Conducted excavations at Harappa in 1921, revealing its urban nature.
3. R.D. Banerji: Excavated Mohenjo-Daro in 1922, demonstrating its importance as a primary Harappan metropolis.
4. John Marshall: As Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, he oversaw methodical excavations and detailed documentation.
5. Mortimer Wheeler: Advanced excavation methods by stressing the importance of stratigraphy at Harappan sites.
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