Question

At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS?

• A. When the infected retro virus enters host cells
• B. When HIV damages large number of helper Lymphocytes
• C. When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase
• D. Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

The progression of HIV infection is characterized by a gradual weakening of the immune system, resulting in a stage where symptoms of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) become apparent. The disease progression can typically be divided into the following stages:

1. Initial Infection: When the retrovirus, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), first enters the body, it primarily targets CD4+ T cells, also known as helper T cells or lymphocytes. These cells are crucial components of the immune system.
2. Asymptomatic Stage: After the initial infection, there is often a prolonged period—sometimes lasting several years—where the individual may not exhibit any symptoms, despite the virus actively replicating in the body.
3. Symptomatic HIV Infection: As the virus continues to target and destroy helper lymphocytes, the body's immune response becomes increasingly compromised. HIV damages a significant number of these cells, leading to opportunistic infections and symptoms characteristic of AIDS.
4. AIDS Stage: AIDS is diagnosed when the CD4+ T cell count drops below a critical threshold (usually below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood) and/or the occurrence of specific opportunistic infections or AIDS-related cancers. This is the stage where the symptoms of AIDS appear.

Given the stages outlined above, the correct answer to the question is:

When HIV damages a large number of helper Lymphocytes.

Explanation: Only at this stage does the individual show symptoms of AIDS due to the severe weakening of the immune system.

Let's evaluate the other options:

• When the infected retrovirus enters host cells: This occurs at the initial stage of HIV infection, not when symptoms of AIDS manifest.
• When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase: This is a part of the HIV replication process but does not relate directly to when AIDS symptoms appear.
• Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person: Symptoms of AIDS do not appear immediately after infection and certainly not within such a short period.

The correct understanding of HIV/AIDS progression is crucial for medical and biology students, as it not only assists in exams but also has practical implications in the field of healthcare and awareness campaigns.