As shown in the figure, \(P\) and \(Q\) are two coaxial conducting loops separated by some distance. When the switch \(S\) is closed, a clockwise current \(I_P\) flows in \(P\) (as seen by \(E\)) and an induced current \(I_{Q1}\) flows in \(Q\). The switch remains closed for a long time. When \(S\) is opened, a current \(I_{Q2}\) flows in \(Q\). Then the directions of \(I_{Q1}\) and \(I_{Q2}\) (as seen by \(E\)) are
Show Hint
For electromagnetic induction questions:
\[
\text{Increasing Flux}
\Rightarrow
\text{Induced current opposes the increase}
\]
\[
\text{Decreasing Flux}
\Rightarrow
\text{Induced current opposes the decrease}
\]
Always apply Lenz's law first, then use the right-hand thumb rule.
Concept:
According to Lenz's law, the induced current always opposes the change in magnetic flux producing it.
\[
\text{Induced effect} \propto -\frac{d\Phi}{dt}
\]
Step 1:Determine the magnetic field produced by loop \(P\).
The current in loop \(P\) is clockwise as seen from point \(E\).
Using the right-hand thumb rule, the magnetic field at loop \(Q\) is directed towards loop \(P\).
Step 2: Find the direction of \(I_{Q1}\) when the switch is closed.
When the switch is closed, current in \(P\) increases from zero to its steady value.
Hence, magnetic flux through \(Q\) increases.
By Lenz's law, the induced current in \(Q\) must oppose this increase in flux.
Therefore, \(Q\) must produce a magnetic field opposite to the field due to \(P\).
This requires the current in \(Q\) to be anti-clockwise as seen by \(E\).
\[
{I_{Q1}\text{ is anti-clockwise}}
\]
Step 3: Find the direction of \(I_{Q2}\) when the switch is opened.
When the switch is opened, current in \(P\) decreases to zero.
Hence, magnetic flux through \(Q\) decreases.
By Lenz's law, the induced current must oppose this decrease.
Therefore, \(Q\) tries to maintain the original magnetic field.
Hence, the current in \(Q\) flows clockwise as seen by \(E\).
\[
{I_{Q2}\text{ is clockwise}}
\]
Step 4: State the answer.
\[
{
\begin{array}{c}
I_{Q1}\text{ : Anti-clockwise}
I_{Q2}\text{ : Clockwise}
\end{array}
}
\]
Hence, the correct option is
\[
{(D)}
\]
