Torpedo stage: For artificial seed production, somatic embryos are typically encapsulated at the torpedo stage. This stage is characterized by the development of the embryo's axis and cotyledons, which are crucial for proper plant development. Globular stage: This represents an early phase of embryo development, preceding the formation of cotyledons. Cotyledon stage: This is a subsequent phase in embryo development, distinguished by the presence of formed cotyledons. Triangular stage: This is another transitional phase during embryo development.