Step 1: Many arthropods are flightless or aquatic, so an aerial lifestyle is not universal; eliminate (B).
Step 2: Wing venation applies only to winged insects, and coloration varies widely, so eliminate (C) and (D).
Step 3: Every arthropod shares a chitinous, jointed cuticular exoskeleton, the defining phylum-wide feature.
\[ \boxed{\text{Cuticular exoskeleton}} \]