% Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The Green Revolution (GR) was a technological package introduced in the mid-1960s to increase food grain production.
It involved High-Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, irrigation, and mechanization.
This technological change triggered a chain reaction in the socio-economic structure of rural India.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The sequence should follow a logical 'Cause-and-Effect' pattern:
1. (B) New technology introduced: The first step was the arrival of HYV seeds (Wheat/Rice) and chemical inputs in selected regions like Punjab and Haryana.
2. (C) Displacement of service castes: As farmers adopted new technology like tractors and threshers, they needed fewer traditional laborers.
The traditional 'Jajmani system' (where service castes like blacksmiths or carpenters were paid in grain) broke down.
Mechanization and the shift to cash wages led to the displacement of these traditional village service groups.
3. (D) Increasing commercialization: With massive increases in yield (surplus), agriculture shifted from 'subsistence' (feeding the family) to 'commercial' (selling in the market).
Farming became a business requiring large capital investments and integration with national markets.
4. (A) Dry region spread: Initially, GR was limited to areas with heavy irrigation (wet regions).
Only later, in the second phase (late 1970s onwards), were efforts made to adapt these technologies to 'dry regions' or semi-arid areas.
Therefore, the spatial expansion to dry areas is the final step in the progression mentioned.
This sequence (B-C-D-A) represents the evolution from a technological trigger to a social disruption, then to an economic shift, and finally to a geographical expansion.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The sequence begins with the introduction of technology and ends with its geographical spread to less fertile regions.
The correct order is B, C, D, A. Thus, option (D) is correct.
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