Step 1: Identify the oil processing steps.
Extraction: This initial step removes oil from its source using these methods:
D. Rendering: This method melts animal fats (e.g., lard, tallow) to separate the fat from other tissues.
B. Pressing (Expelling): This method mechanically squeezes oil from oilseeds (e.g., sunflower, canola).
C. Solvent Extraction: This method uses a solvent (e.g., hexane) to extract oil from the source material, often used after pressing to maximize oil recovery. \end{itemize}
A. Refining: This final purification step of crude oil involves degumming, neutralizing, bleaching, and deodorizing to remove impurities.\end{itemize}
Step 2: Create a logical processing sequence.The process begins with extraction and concludes with refining. A sequence applicable to both animal and plant sources incorporates multiple extraction techniques before final purification. Rendering (D) is a self-contained extraction method. For seeds, pressing (B) is commonly followed by solvent extraction (C) for higher yields. All extracted crude oils undergo refining (A). Therefore, a logical combined sequence is D, B, C, A, representing diverse extraction methods followed by the universal refining step.