Question

Arrange the following ecological succession in the lithosphere (rocks) from initial to final succession stages
(A) Moss stage
(B) Foliose-lichens stage
(C) Herbaceous stage
(D) Crustose-lichens stage
(E) Shrub stage
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. (B), (A), (D), (C), (E)
• B. (D), (B), (A), (C), (E)
• C. (B), (D), (A), (C), (E)
• D. (A), (B), (D), (C), (E)

Hint:

Remember that ecological succession always proceeds from simpler, smaller organisms to more complex, larger organisms as the environment (especially the soil) becomes more developed. In a lithosere, it starts with the flattest lichens and progresses towards trees.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Objective: Determine the correct sequence of ecological succession stages on bare rock (primary succession/xerosere/lithosere). This process involves gradual soil and plant community development.

Stages of Succession:

1. Pioneer Stage (D) Crustose-lichens: Flat, encrusting lichens are the initial colonizers on bare rock. They initiate soil formation by weathering rock and trapping debris.
2. Intermediate Stage (B) Foliose-lichens: As a thin soil layer forms, leaf-like (foliose) and shrubby (fruticose) lichens become established, further contributing to soil development.
3. Transition Stage (A) Mosses: With increased soil depth and moisture, mosses colonize, outcompeting lichens.
4. Early Succession (C) Herbaceous Plants: Developed soil supports the growth of grasses, herbs, and other herbaceous species.
5. Mid-Succession (E) Shrubs: Improved soil conditions allow shrubs to establish and grow, shading out herbaceous plants.

This progression eventually leads to a climax forest community.

Conclusion: The chronological order of primary succession on bare rock is: (D) Crustose-lichens stage $\rightarrow$ (B) Foliose-lichens stage $\rightarrow$ (A) Moss stage $\rightarrow$ (C) Herbaceous stage $\rightarrow$ (E) Shrub stage.