Question

Among the following, whose description of 'degenerated East' inspired Western theorists to develop the idea of 'oriental despotism'?

• A. Peter Mundy
• B. François Bernier
• C. Duarte Barbosa
• D. Marco Polo

Hint:

Relate travelers' accounts to their influence on Western perceptions for contextual answers.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

François Bernier, a 17th-century French traveler, characterized the Mughal Empire as a "degenerated East," citing its autocratic governance and economic inertia. His observations informed Western scholars, contributing to the concept of "oriental despotism," which depicted Eastern societies as inherently tyrannical and unprogressive.