Comprehension
Although Harappa was the first site to be discovered, it was badly destroyed by brick robbers. As early as 1875, Alexander Cunningham, the first Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, often called the father of Indian archaeology, noted that the amount of bricks taken from the ancient site was enough to lay bricks for ”about 100 miles” of the railway line between Lahore and Multan. Thus, many of the ancient structures at the site were damaged. In contrast, Mohenjodaro was far better preserved.
Question: 1

Who was often addressed as the father of Indian Archaeology?

Updated On: Jan 16, 2026
  • Alexander Birmingham
  • Alexander Cunningham
  • Alexander Hopkins
  • Sir Thomas Moore
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Considered the father of Indian Archaeology, Alexander Cunningham served as the first Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India. His substantial archaeological contributions in India include documenting ancient architecture and artifacts. A key observation by Cunningham in 1875 at the Harappa site highlighted the extensive damage from brick robbers, estimating enough bricks to build approximately 100 miles of railway track between Lahore and Multan. This underscores his vital role in early Indian archaeological studies and conservation.
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Question: 2

Which of the following was the first site to be discovered?

Updated On: Jan 16, 2026
  • Rakhigarhi
  • Mohenjodaro
  • Harappa
  • Lothal
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Harappa, the initial Indus Valley Civilization site uncovered, suffered considerable damage from brick theft. Alexander Cunningham, the father of Indian archaeology and first Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, noted that Harappa's bricks were extensively used, particularly for constructing approximately 100 miles of railway track between Lahore and Multan, leading to substantial damage to its ancient structures. Mohenjodaro, in contrast, was found to be in a superior state of preservation.

The correct answer is: Harappa

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Question: 3

Who was the first Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)?

Updated On: Jan 16, 2026
  • B.B. Lal
  • Alexander Cunningham
  • M.S. Vats
  • James Fergusson
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Alexander Cunningham, the inaugural Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), is widely recognized as the progenitor of Indian archaeology due to his substantial efforts in the research and safeguarding of India's historical locations. A notable observation he made during his directorship pertained to the dilapidated condition of Harappa, a prominent Indus Valley archaeological site. He underscored the severity of its dilapidation by stating that the bricks salvaged from the site could have been utilized to build approximately 100 miles of railway track between Lahore and Multan.

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Question: 4

Who destroyed the Harappan site?

Updated On: Jan 16, 2026
  • Brick Robbers
  • British discoverers of the site
  • Archaeological Survey of India
  • Mughals
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Brick Robbers were the primary cause of the Harappan site's destruction. Historical accounts confirm that substantial damage resulted from the pilfering of bricks. In 1875, Alexander Cunningham, the inaugural Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, reported that the bricks taken from Harappa were enough to build around 100 miles of railway track between Lahore and Multan. This extensive brick removal severely damaged the ancient structures, a fate less severe than that of Mohenjodaro, which remained better preserved.

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Question: 5

Harappan civilization bricks were used for the laying of railway line between:

Updated On: Jan 16, 2026
  • Peshawar and Lahore
  • Kabul and Kandahar
  • Bombay and Thane
  • Lahore and Multan
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

In the 19th century, during the construction of British India's railway infrastructure, bricks from the Harappan civilization were repurposed. The Harappan site was heavily plundered for its superior bricks, which were then used to construct railway lines, primarily between Lahore and Multan. Alexander Cunningham confirmed this, noting that Harappan bricks were employed for approximately 100 miles of this particular railway. The extensive use of these ancient bricks resulted in significant damage to the original Harappan archaeological site.

Consequently, the railway line that utilized Harappan bricks was between: Lahore and Multan

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