Question

Aldose: What type of monosaccharides are fructose, glucose, and xylose? To which family do they belong based on their functional groups?

• A. \( \text{Fructose is a ketose, glucose and xylose are aldoses.} \)
• B. \( \text{Fructose and glucose are ketoses, xylose is an aldose.} \)
• C. \( \text{All three are aldoses.} \)
• D. \( \text{All three are ketoses.} \)

Hint:

Monosaccharides are classified into aldoses or ketoses based on the presence of an aldehyde group (\( -CHO \)) or a keto group (\( -C=O \)). This distinction helps identify their structure and behavior in biochemical processes.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Monosaccharides, simple sugars, are categorized by their functional groups into aldoses and ketoses. This classification depends on whether an aldehyde or a keto group is present.Step 1: Identifying Aldoses and Ketoses.
Aldoses feature an aldehyde group (\( -CHO \)), typically at the first carbon. Ketoses contain a keto group (\( -C=O \)), usually at the second carbon.Step 2: Functional Groups of Fructose, Glucose, and Xylose.
Analysis of the monosaccharides' functional groups is as follows: Fructose is a ketose (specifically a ketohexose, a 6-carbon ketose) due to its keto group at the second carbon. Glucose is an aldose (specifically an aldohexose, a 6-carbon aldose) because of its aldehyde group at the first carbon. Xylose is also an aldose (specifically an aldopentose, a 5-carbon aldose) with an aldehyde group at the first carbon.Step 3: Family Classification.
Glucose: Classified as an aldohexose (6 carbons, aldehyde group). Xylose: Classified as an aldopentose (5 carbons, aldehyde group). Fructose: Classified as a ketohexose (6 carbons, keto group).The established conclusion is:\[\text{Fructose is a ketose, glucose and xylose are aldoses.}\]Consequently, the correct answer is \( \mathbf{(1)} \).