In primary lymphoid organs, specifically the bone marrow and thymus, lymphocytes undergo maturation. Secondary lymphoid organs, including the spleen, lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, tonsils, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), serve as sites for mature lymphocytes to encounter antigens and commence immune responses. The thymus and bone marrow are crucial for lymphocyte development but are not the primary locations for antigen interaction.