Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Henri Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management serve as foundational rules for supervising an enterprise. While several of his principles target structural workflows or mechanical order, his final principles focus on human dynamics, workplace morale, and group harmony. He recognized that a business cannot optimize productivity if its workforce is fragmented into isolated, competitive individuals.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's examine the core meaning behind the French phrase "Esprit de Corps":
- Translated literally, it means "the spirit of the body" or "group spirit."
- In corporate management terms, it represents team spirit, mutual trust, and harmony among employees.
- Fayol stated that management must work to build a strong sense of unity and belonging within the workforce.
- A practical application of this principle is that a manager should intentionally replace the pronoun "I" with "We" in all conversations regarding project tasks and achievements.
By building shared accountability and team cohesion, organizations minimize internal friction, improve coordination, and achieve goals far more effectively than through individual competition alone. This aligns perfectly with option (B).
Step 3: Final Answer:
According to Fayol's Principles, ’Esprit de Corps’ emphasizes promoting team spirit and unity.