Question

(a) Why is “in vitro fertilization (IVF)” so named? State its importance.
(b) Distinguish between GIFT and ZIFT.

Hint:

(a) In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a groundbreaking technique in reproductive medicine, allowing fertilization to happen outside the body before implantation.
(b) While both GIFT and ZIFT involve transferring gametes or embryos into the fallopian tubes, GIFT places the gametes, and ZIFT places the zygote after fertilization.

Answer 1

(a) In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) involves fertilization occurring externally in a laboratory dish (in vitro). Sperm and egg are combined in a petri dish for fertilization, and the resultant zygote is subsequently implanted into the woman's uterus.
Significance: IVF assists in managing infertility when alternative treatments have been unsuccessful. It is especially beneficial for individuals with obstructed fallopian tubes, male infertility, or infertility of unknown cause.
(b) - Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer (GIFT): With GIFT, eggs and sperm are introduced directly into the fallopian tubes, facilitating natural fertilization within the body.
- Zygote Intra-Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT): In ZIFT, fertilization takes place externally (in vitro), and the generated zygote is then transferred to the fallopian tube.