Question

A village health worker was taking a session with women. She tells them that one has to be careful while using oral pills as a method of birth control. Wrong usage can actually promote conception.
(A) Analyse the statement — oral pills need careful usage, as wrong usage can promote conception. Compare merits and demerits of using oral pills and surgical methods of birth control.
(B) Village women are confused as to how a thin metallic copper loop can prevent pregnancy. Explain the mode of action of IUDs. Give two points.

Hint:

Regularity is key for oral pills. IUDs work by affecting sperm and uterine lining to prevent pregnancy.

Answer 1

(A) Oral Contraceptive Pills:

• Consistent daily intake at the designated time is crucial for efficacy. Irregular use diminishes effectiveness and increases the risk of pregnancy.

Advantages:

• Simple administration.
• Reversible contraception.

Disadvantages:

• Strict adherence to the schedule is mandatory.
• Potential adverse effects include nausea and hormonal disturbances.

Surgical Contraceptive Methods:

• Offers permanent and highly effective contraception.
• Eliminates the need for daily administration.

Disadvantages:

• Generally irreversible.
• Necessitates hospitalization and a medical procedure.

(B) Copper Intrauterine Devices (IUDs):

• Copper ions inhibit sperm movement and survival, thereby preventing fertilization.
• Alters the uterine environment, rendering it unsuitable for embryo implantation.