Question:medium

(a) “United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs indicated that India has overtaken China as the world’s most populous country in the month of April 2023.”
Explain the consequences of the one-child policy adopted by China in the 1970s.

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Relate demographic challenges like aging and gender imbalance to the long-term impacts of population policies.
Updated On: Jan 13, 2026
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Solution and Explanation

Declining birth rates are causing an aging population, which in turn leads to a smaller workforce and increased dependency ratios. A preference for male children, resulting in sex-selective abortions, contributes to a gender imbalance. A reduced workforce is contributing to an economic slowdown, negatively impacting industrial productivity and innovation. The younger generation faces an increased responsibility for supporting elderly family members.
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