Question

(a) “The most unique feature of the Harappan civilization was the development of urban centres.” Explain.

Hint:

The urban planning of Harappan civilization highlights their advanced knowledge of engineering and governance.

Answer 1

The Harappan civilization, a precursor to urban societies, exhibited sophisticated urban design. This included: 1. Structured City Layout: Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa featured grid-based city planning with streets intersecting at right angles. 2. Advanced Sanitation: A complex underground drainage network was implemented for public health. 3. Diverse Structures: Cities comprised public edifices, such as the Great Bath and granaries, and residential units built with uniform bricks. 4. Economic Hubs: Harappan urban centers facilitated trade, with evidence of connections to Mesopotamia and Central Asia. 5. Uniform Standards: The use of standardized weights and measures points to organized economic practices.