Question

A practical example of steady non-uniform flow is given by the:

• A. motion of a river around bridge piers
• B. steadily increasing flow through a pipe
• C. steadily increasing flow through a reducing section
• D. constant discharge through a long, straight tapering pipe

Hint:

Steady $\Rightarrow$ no change with time. Non-uniform $\Rightarrow$ velocity varies with position.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Define key terms.
- Steady flow: Characteristics remain constant over time.
- Non-uniform flow: Characteristics change with position.

Step 2: Evaluate each scenario.
- (1) River flow around bridge piers: This is unsteady and complex, involving eddies and turbulence, not steady non-uniform flow.
- (2) Flow increasing steadily in a pipe: This implies unsteady flow as velocity changes over time.
- (3) Flow increasing steadily through a narrowing section: This also indicates unsteady flow.
- (4) Constant discharge in a tapering pipe: The flow is steady because discharge is constant over time. However, velocity changes along the pipe's length, making it non-uniform. This fits the definition.

Step 3: Final determination.
Therefore, option (4) correctly illustrates steady non-uniform flow.