Question

A point object is kept in front of a convex spherical surface of radius of curvature $R$. Draw the ray diagram to show the formation of image and derive the relation between the object and image distance ($u$ and $v$) in terms of refractive index $n$ of the medium and $R$.

Hint:

When deriving spherical refraction formulas, always remember the exterior angle theorem ($\text{ext angle} = \text{sum of interior opposite angles}$) for the triangles formed by the incident/refracted ray, the normal, and the principal axis. It links physical optics to simple geometry instantly!

Answer 1